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Replaced By Whole days If more than one d is specified, then at least that number of digits will be displayed, with leading zeros as needed Hours (not counting those that are part of whole days) If hh is specified, then two digits are displayed, with a leading zero as needed Minutes (not counting those that are part of whole hours) If mm is specified, then two digits are displayed, with a leading zero as needed Seconds (not counting those that are part of whole minutes) If ss is specified, then two digits are displayed, with a leading zero as needed

( e4 ) ln 3 , 5 7 4 , ( 32 x 3 ) 4 5 3 2

Fractional seconds The number of fs specify the precision Remaining digits will be truncated Fractional seconds The number of Fs specify the number of significant digits to display Trailing zeros are not displayed Remaining digits will be truncated

The following program demonstrates the formatting of TimeSpan objects by displaying the approximate amount of time it takes a for loop to display 1,000 integers:

// Format a TimeSpan using System; class TimeSpanDemo { static void Main() { DateTime start = DateTimeNow; // Output the numbers 1 through 1000 for(int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) { ConsoleWrite(i + " "); if((i % 10) == 0) ConsoleWriteLine(); } ConsoleWriteLine(); DateTime end = DateTimeNow; TimeSpan span = end - start; ConsoleWriteLine("Run time: {0:c}", span); ConsoleWriteLine("Run time: {0:g}", span); ConsoleWriteLine("Run time: {0:G}", span); ConsoleWriteLine("Run time: 0{0:fff} seconds", span); } }

Part II:

We calculate: ( e4 ) ln 3 = e4 ln 3 = ( eln 3 ) 4 = 34 = 81; 1 5 7 4 2; = 5 7 ( 3) 4 2 = 5 4 2 = 3 2 625 5 ( 32 x 3 ) 4 = ( 32 ) 4 ( x 3 ) 4 = 38 x 12 = 6561 x 12

The next thought might be expressed as follows:

Sample output is shown here:

981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 Run Run Run Run time: time: time: time: 00:00:000140000 0:00:00014 0:00:00:000140000 0014 seconds

C# allows you to format the values defined by an enumeration In general, enumeration values can be displayed using their name or their value The enumeration format specifiers are shown in Table 22-10 Pay special attention to the G and F formats Enumerations that will be used to represent bit-fields can be preceded by the Flags attribute Typically, bitfields hold values that represent individual bits and are arranged in powers of two If the Flags attribute is present, then the G specifier will display the names of all of the values that comprise the value, assuming the value is valid The F specifier will display the names of all of the values that comprise the value if the value can be constructed by ORing together two or more fields defined by the enumeration

YOU TRY IT Simplify the expression ln[e3x e y 5 24 ]

Meaning Displays the value as a decimal integer Same as D Displays the name of the value However, if the value can be created by ORing together two or more values defined by the enumeration, then the names of each part of the value will be displayed (This applies whether or not the Flags attribute has been specified) Otherwise, the value is displayed as an integer Same as F Displays the name of the value If the enumeration is preceded by the Flags attribute, then all names that are part of the value will be displayed (assuming a valid value) An invalid value is displayed as an integer Same as G Displays the value as a hexadecimal integer Leading zeros will be added to ensure that at least eight digits are shown Same as X

TABLE 22-10

22:

( x 3 5) 8 = 9

The following program demonstrates the enumeration specifiers:

// Format an enumeration using System; class EnumFmtDemo { enum Direction { North, South, East, West } [Flags] enum Status { Ready=0x1, OffLine=0x2, Waiting=0x4, TransmitOK=0x8, RecieveOK=0x10, OnLine=0x20 }

static void Main() { Direction d = DirectionWest; ConsoleWriteLine("{0:G}", ConsoleWriteLine("{0:F}", ConsoleWriteLine("{0:D}", ConsoleWriteLine("{0:X}", d); d); d); d);

All arrangements feature seasonal blossoms in an array of colors to create just the look you seek (seventeen words)

Status s = StatusReady | StatusTransmitOK; ConsoleWriteLine("{0:G}", ConsoleWriteLine("{0:F}", ConsoleWriteLine("{0:D}", ConsoleWriteLine("{0:X}", } } s); s); s); s);

We have ( x 3 5) 8 = 9 x 3 5 = 91/8 x 3 = 91/8 5 1 x = ( 91/8 5 1 ) 1/3 x = 91/24 51/3

The output is shown here:

.